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Howie Hawkins 2020 presidential campaign

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Howie Hawkins 2020 presidential campaign
Campaign2020 presidential election
(Green primaries)
Candidate
AffiliationGreen Party
Legal Marijuana Now[a][2]
Socialist Party USA
Socialist Alternative[3][4]
Status
  • Formed exploratory committee: April 3, 2019
  • Announced: May 28, 2019
  • Official Socialist nominee: October 26, 2019
  • Official Green nominee: July 11, 2020
  • Lost election: November 7, 2020
HeadquartersSyracuse, New York
ReceiptsUS$463,084.18 [5] (October 31, 2020)
SloganFor an Ecosocialist Green New Deal
Website
howiehawkins.us
This article is part of a series about
Howie Hawkins
Gubernatorial campaigns
Political party affiliations
Other political affiliations

The 2020 presidential campaign of Howie Hawkins, both the co-founder of the Green Party of the United States and thrice its gubernatorial candidate in New York, was informally launched on April 3, 2019, when Hawkins announced the formation of an exploratory committee and formally announced his campaign on May 28, 2019, to seek the Green Party nomination for the presidency of the United States in the 2020 presidential election and later the Socialist Party USA.[6][7] On May 5, 2020, Hawkins announced that former Socialist Party USA vice presidential candidate Angela Nicole Walker would be his running mate.[8][9] Hawkins and Walker were nominated by the Green Party on July 11, 2020.

Hawkins also sought the nomination of the various state-based left-wing parties, including the Peace and Freedom Party, Legal Marijuana Now Party, Oregon Progressive Party, United Citizens Party, Liberty Union Party, and Vermont Progressive Party.[10]

Background

[edit]

In the 1980s, Hawkins joined the green movement. In 1988, Howie and Murray Bookchin founded the Left Green Network "as a radical alternative to U.S. Green liberals", based around the principles of social ecology and libertarian municipalism.[11] In the early 1990s a press conference was held in Washington, D.C., that featured Charles Betz, Joni Whitmore, Hilda Mason, and Howie Hawkins to announce the formation of the Greens/Green Party USA.[12] Later in December 1999, Mike Feinstein and Hawkins wrote the Plan for a Single National Green Party which was the plan to organize the ASGP and GPUSA into a single Green Party.[13] Over the next decade he would run in multiple New York Senate and House races.[14]

In the 2010 New York gubernatorial election Hawkins surpassed the 50,000-vote requirement to stay on the ballot in the gubernatorial election. In the 2014 election, he received enough to move the Green Party line to Row D on the ballot as he had taken one-third more than the Working Families Party and twice as much as the Independence Party.[15] In the 2018 election, Hawkins received 80,000 fewer votes than he did in his 2014 run. As a result, the party was lowered one row down to Row E, but retained ballot access.[16]

In 2012, Hawkins was approached over the possibility of running for the Green Party presidential nomination. He declined due to his employment commitments at UPS, which he maintained would interfere with a national campaign.[17]

Following his retirement from UPS, Hawkins was approached again to run by a draft movement via a public letter addressed to him. The letter was signed by former Green vice presidential nominees Cheri Honkala and Ajamu Baraka, former Green mayoral candidate and Nader's 2008 running mate Matt Gonzalez, and other prominent Green Party members.[18]

Campaign

[edit]

On April 3, 2019, Hawkins announced that he was forming an exploratory committee to prepare for a potential candidacy for the Green Party 2020 presidential nomination and formally launched his campaign on May 28, 2019, in Brooklyn, New York.[19][20][21] On June 21, 2020, Hawkins received enough delegates to win the Green Party's presidential nomination after winning delegates from the Green Party of Michigan and Lavender Caucus.[22] On July 11, he received the Green Party's presidential nomination with 210 delegates at the party's virtual convention.[23][24]

On October 26, 2019, Hawkins won the nomination of the Socialist Party USA as part of his effort to unite smaller left-wing parties.[25] In November, Hawkins was endorsed by Solidarity, a U.S.-based socialist organization.[26] On March 3, 2020, Hawkins lost the Peace and Freedom Party primary to Gloria La Riva.[27] On August 13, 2020, he was endorsed by Socialist Alternative.[3] Hawkins also received the nomination of the Legal Marijuana Now Party.[28] In August 2020, Solidarity withdrew their endorsement following a poll of its members, instead taking no official position on the presidential election.[29]

A September 2020 New York Times article highlighted how Republican operatives worked to get the Green Party on presidential ballot lines in swing states by collecting signatures and advising on ballot access lawsuits, hoping that it would split votes away from Biden.[30]

Ballot access

[edit]
  Electoral Votes 2020 2016[31] 2012 2008A 2004A 2000B
States (& DC) 51 29 (17) 45 (48) 37 (44) 32 (48) 25 (43) 44 (48)
Electoral Votes 538 381 (514) 480 (522) 439 (489) 368 (528) 267 (479) 481 (513)
Percent of EVs 100% ? (?) 89.2% (97.0%) 81.6% (90.9%) 71.0% (96.2%) 49.6% (89.0%) 89.4% (95.4%)
Alabama 9 (write-in) On ballot On ballot (write-in) (write-in) On ballot
Alaska 3 (write-in) On ballot On ballot (write-in) On ballot On ballot
Arizona 11 (write-in) On ballot On ballot On ballot (write-in) On ballot
Arkansas 6 On ballot On ballot On ballot On ballot On ballot On ballot
California 55 On ballot On ballot On ballot On ballot On ballot On ballot
Colorado 9 On ballot On ballot On ballot On ballot On ballot On ballot
Connecticut 7 On ballot On ballot (write-in) (write-in) On ballot On ballot
Delaware 3 On ballot On ballot On ballot On ballot On ballot On ballot
Florida 29 On ballot On ballot On ballot On ballot On ballot On ballot
Georgia 16 (write-in (write-in) (write-in) (write-in) (write-in) (write-in)
Hawaii 4 On ballot On ballot On ballot On ballot On ballot On ballot
Idaho 4 (write-in) On ballot On ballot (write-in) (write-in) (write-in)
Illinois 20 On ballot On ballot On ballot On ballot (write-in) On ballot
Indiana 11 (write-in) (write-in) (write-in) (write-in) (write-in) (write-in)
Iowa 6 On ballot On ballot On ballot On ballot On ballot On ballot
Kansas 6 (write-in) On ballot (write-in) (write-in) (write-in) On ballot
Kentucky 8 (write-in) On ballot On ballot (write-in) On ballot
Louisiana 8 On ballot On ballot On ballot On ballot On ballot
Maine 4 On ballot On ballot On ballot On ballot On ballot On ballot
Maryland 10 On ballot On ballot On ballot On ballot On ballot On ballot
Massachusetts 11 On ballot On ballot On ballot On ballot On ballot
Michigan 16 On ballot On ballot On ballot On ballot On ballot On ballot
Minnesota 10 On ballot On ballot On ballot On ballot On ballot On ballot
Mississippi 6 On ballot On ballot On ballot On ballot On ballot On ballot
Missouri 10 On ballot On ballot (write-in) On ballot
Montana 3 On ballot (write-in) On ballot On ballot
Nebraska 5 (write-in) On ballot On ballot On ballot On ballot
Nevada 6 On ballot On ballot On ballot
New Hampshire 4 (write-in) On ballot (write-in) (write-in) (write-in) On ballot
New Jersey 14 On ballot On ballot On ballot On ballot On ballot On ballot
New Mexico 5 On ballot On ballot On ballot On ballot On ballot On ballot
New York 29 On ballot On ballot On ballot On ballot (write-in) On ballot
North Carolina 15 On ballot (write-in) (write-in) (write-in) (write-in)
North Dakota 3 (write-in) On ballot On ballot (write-in) On ballot
Ohio 18 On ballot On ballot On ballot On ballot (write-in) On ballot
Oklahoma 7
Oregon 7 On ballot On ballot On ballot On ballot On ballot On ballot
Pennsylvania 20 (write-in) On ballot On ballot (write-in) On ballot On ballot
Rhode Island 4 (write-in) On ballot On ballot On ballot On ballot On ballot
South Carolina 9 On ballot On ballot On ballot On ballot On ballot On ballot
South Dakota 3
Tennessee 11 On ballot On ballot On ballot On ballot (write-in) On ballot
Texas 38 On ballot On ballot On ballot (write-in) (write-in) On ballot
Utah 6 On ballot On ballot On ballot On ballot (write-in) On ballot
Vermont 3 On ballot On ballot (write-in) (write-in) (write-in) On ballot
Virginia 13 (write-in) On ballot On ballot On ballot (write-in) On ballot
Washington 12 On ballot On ballot On ballot On ballot On ballot On ballot
West Virginia 5 On ballot On ballot On ballot On ballot (write-in) On ballot
Wisconsin 10 (write-in) On ballot On ballot On ballot On ballot On ballot
Wyoming 3 (write-in) On ballot (write-in) (write-in) (write-in) (write-in)
District of Columbia 3 On ballot On ballot On ballot On ballot (write-in) On ballot
A.^ Based on 2004 - 2008 electoral college apportionment.
B.^ Based on 1992 - 2000 electoral college apportionment.


Total electoral vote eligibility: 514[b]
  On ballot (29 states + DC, 381 electoral votes)[33][34]
  Write-in (17 states, 133 electoral votes)[35]
  Not on ballot

On July 15, Hawkins sued Oklahoma over its $35,000 filing fee for president.[36] On September 1, the Green Party of Alaska nominated Jesse Ventura for president and Cynthia McKinney for vice-president instead of Hawkins and Walker.[37][38] Hawkins appeared in the ballot in thirty states.[39][40]

Rhode Island

[edit]

On May 28, 2020, the Green Party of Rhode Island announced that it would not place a presidential candidate onto the ballot for the first time since 1996 citing the danger of Donald Trump winning reelection.[41][42] Hawkins later announced that he would petition as an independent candidate under the partisan label "Independent Left" in Rhode Island.[43] However, Hawkins failed to qualify for the Rhode Island ballot after submitting only 897 valid signatures in his petition to run for office.[44]

Pennsylvania

[edit]

A challenge was filed against Hawkins in Pennsylvania stating that the Green Party's stand-in candidates for president and vice-president had not submitted a declaration of candidacy. On September 9, Judge J. Andrew Crompton rejected a challenge to Hawkins being on the ballot in Pennsylvania although the challenge against Walker being on the ballot was accepted. Crompton ruled that Hawkins should appear on the ballot as the stand-in presidential candidate did submit a declaration of candidacy while the stand-in vice-presidential candidate had not.[45]

On September 10, the Pennsylvania Democratic Party appealed to the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania to remove Hawkins from the ballot.[46] The Supreme Court of Pennsylvania ordered election officials to not print ballots until the court made a decision on whether or not Hawkins would appear on the ballot.[47] On September 17, the Pennsylvania Supreme Court ruled five to two in favor of removing Hawkins from the ballot.[48] All five Democratic members of the Pennsylvania Supreme Court voted to remove Hawkins while both Republican members voted to keep him on the ballot.[49]

Wisconsin

[edit]

Hawkins' presidential petition in Wisconsin was challenged in August under the basis that Walker had changed her residence address within South Carolina.[50] On August 19, the staff of the Wisconsin Elections Commission recommended that Hawkins be removed from the ballot due to his petitions not having enough signatures when the signatures for the out-of-date postal address for Walker were removed.[51] On August 20, the commission voted three to three to remove Hawkins from the ballot; all of the Democratic members of the commission voted to remove Hawkins while the Republican members voted to keep him on the ballot.[52]

On September 3, Hawkins filed a lawsuit to the Wisconsin Supreme Court.[53] On September 10, the Wisconsin Supreme Court ordered election officials to stop mailing out ballots until the court ruled on whether or not Hawkins and/or Kanye West could appear on the ballot.[54] The Wisconsin Supreme Court ruled four to three in favor of the election commission on September 14, citing that Hawkins had waited too long to file a lawsuit and that it would cause too much disruption to place his name on the ballot.[55]

Campaign finance

[edit]

On August 23, 2019, the Hawkins campaign announced they had met the requisite federal matching funds for California and New York.[56] Only his campaign and that of Steve Bullock applied for primary season matching funds.[57] On July 9, 2020, the Hawkins campaign announced they achieved federal matching fund requirements in 20 necessary states, claiming they had raised $220,000 from 4,000 donors in over 7,000 total contributions.[58]

Political positions

[edit]

Climate change

[edit]

Hawkins supported the Green Party's version of the Green New Deal that would serve as a transitional plan to the exclusive use of renewable energy by 2030 utilizing a carbon tax, jobs guarantee, free college, single-payer healthcare and a focus on using public programs.[59]

He was a critic of the Democratic version of the Green New Deal written by Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, stating that "unfortunately, they took the brand but watered down the content".[60]

Democratic Party reform

[edit]

Hawkins disagreed with the "party-within-the-party" approach to the Democratic Party advocated by organizations such as the Democratic Socialists of America or by individuals such as Bernie Sanders.[61] Instead, he believed that socialists should build up an independent Left party.[61]

Participatory democracy

[edit]

Hawkins advocated for expansion of town meetings, expanding their powers to enact legislation and granting them the power to recall representatives.[62]

Medicare for All

[edit]

Hawkins viewed health care as a human right and a public good. His plan is to implement a single-payer National Health Insurance in which health care facilities are publicly owned, healthcare workers are salaried, and the system is governed by community boards elected by the public (two-thirds of the seats) and health care workers (one-third of the seats).

The system would be funded by allocating current public healthcare dollars (about 70% of current spending) to the system. The rest of the funding would come from progressive taxes on individuals/families, both earned and unearned income, who earn more than 150% of the adjusted Federal Poverty Level and on large corporations.[63]

Endorsements

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Local officials

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Former

[edit]

Party officials

[edit]

Notable individuals

[edit]

Organizations

[edit]

Activist groups

[edit]

National political parties and organizations

[edit]

State political parties

[edit]

Controversies

[edit]

Allegations of irregularities in the Green Party primary

[edit]

On October 16, 2019, a joint candidate letter called for reform in the party's primary process in response to the party's announcement that it would remove unrecognized candidates from its website list that November, an effort which the other Green candidates claimed was being to done to help Hawkins secure its nomination.[102] This was followed by allegations of conflicts of interest among the party's leadership, who the candidates believed where helping party co-founder Hawkins, and an alleged overlooking of a violation of Green Party rules regarding Hawkins’ campaign for the Socialist Party's nomination.[102]

After the 2020 Green Party Nominating Convention named Hawkins as their presidential candidate, candidate Dario Hunter announced via Twitter that he would continue to pursue the presidency as an independent candidate.[103] Hunter cited alleged irregularities and undemocratic processes throughout the Green Party presidential primary, stating that party leaders had committed “ethical lapses” to ensure Hawkins nomination, and criticizing Hawkins for what he saw as his "imperialist perspective" and "CIA talking points.”[103][104]

Dispute with Gloria La Riva

[edit]

On February 20, 2020, Hawkins published a statement critical of his opponent in the Peace and Freedom Party nomination primary, Gloria La Riva, alleging that she supported "a 'safe strategy' of supporting Bernie Sanders in the 'battleground' states" and stating "you didn't join the Peace and Freedom Party to support Democrats."[105] LaRiva responded stating that it was "not an honest critique" and "[f]or Hawkins to further imply that he is the stronger supporter of Peace and Freedom is not convincing."[106] LaRiva won the Peace and Freedom Party's only primary contest in California, receiving 67% to Hawkins' 33%.[27]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ The Legal Marijuana Now Party originally nominated Mark Elsworth and later Rudy Reyes for president but later decided to nominate Hawkins.[1]
  2. ^ The Alaska Green Party instead nominated Jesse Ventura for president with Cynthia McKinney as his running mate.[32]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Winger, Richard (March 12, 2020). "Nebraska Legal Marijuana Now Party Leader Wins Democratic Congressional Nomination". Ballot Access News. Retrieved August 26, 2020.
  2. ^ Hawkins, Howie [@HowieHawkins] (August 24, 2020). "Thank you to the members of the Legal Marijuana Now Party of Minnesota for their endorsement! It's time to legalize marijuana and end the war on drugs! Welcome to our growing #LeftUnity campaign! #LegalizeIt Read about our marijuana and drug policies at https://howiehawkins.us/legalize-marijuana-and-end-the-war-on-drugs/" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  3. ^ a b Brightwell, Erin (August 13, 2020). "Trump in Trouble and Biden in Hiding: 2020 Presidential Elections". Retrieved August 21, 2020.
  4. ^ Hawkins, Howie [@HowieHawkins] (August 21, 2020). "We are honored to have @SocialistAlt joining our #LeftUnity campaign! Don't let your voice get lost in the sauce and your vote taken for granted. Vote your values! Vote #HawkinsWalker Read more at https://hawkins20.us/SAlt" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  5. ^ "HAWKINS, HOWIE - Candidate overview". FEC.gov.
  6. ^ "Howie Hawkins, Syracuse resident, exploring run for Green Party presidential nod". Archived from the original on 2019-04-03. Retrieved 2019-04-03.
  7. ^ "Howie Hawkins, Syracuse resident, exploring run for Green Party presidential nod". 28 May 2019. Archived from the original on 2019-05-29. Retrieved 2019-05-29.
  8. ^ "Angela Walker for Vice President!". May 5, 2020.
  9. ^ Saturn, William (May 5, 2020). "Howie Hawkins Announces Running Mate".
  10. ^ "Howie Hawkins Wins Socialist Party USA Nomination, Green Candidate Seeks To Build Left Unity With Multiple Nominations". Ballot Access News. October 28, 2019. Archived from the original on August 17, 2020.
  11. ^ Biehl, Janet (22 March 2015). "The Left Green Network (1988–91)". Ecology or Catastrophe. Retrieved 16 November 2019.
  12. ^ "Official Formation of the Green Party-USA". Archived from the original on 2016-10-19. Retrieved 2020-01-17.
  13. ^ "The Greens/Green Party USA". Archived from the original on 2017-08-10.
  14. ^ McKinley, Jesse (19 October 2018). "0-for-23: An Undeterred Green Party Candidate on His Long Losing Streak". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2019-04-26.
  15. ^ "Third party's profile rises". 28 November 2014. Archived from the original on 2018-11-18.
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  27. ^ a b "President Peace and Freedom". CA Sec. of State. Archived from the original on 5 March 2020.
  28. ^ "Minnesota Will Have Eight Presidential Candidates on Ballot". Ballot Access News. August 25, 2020. Archived from the original on August 26, 2020. Retrieved August 26, 2020.
  29. ^ David Finkel (23 August 2020). "Solidarity's Election Poll". Solidarity. Retrieved 9 November 2020.
  30. ^ Haberman, Maggie; Hakim, Danny; Corasaniti, Nick (2020-09-22). "How Republicans Are Trying to Use the Green Party to Their Advantage". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2023-05-22.
  31. ^ Ballot Access. jill2016.com Accessed 2016-09-09.
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  34. ^ "Alaska Green Party Nominates Jesse Ventura for President". Ballot Access News. September 1, 2020. Archived from the original on September 7, 2020. Retrieved September 7, 2020.
  35. ^ *"Ballot Access". Howie Hawkins 2020. 29 June 2019. Retrieved September 15, 2020. *"LaRose Announces Determinations Regarding Certification of Independent Candidates for President of the United States". Ohio Secretary of State. August 21, 2020. Archived from the original on 2020-08-21. Retrieved 2020-08-27.
  36. ^ "Howie Hawkins Files Federal Lawsuit Against Amount of Oklahoma Presidential Filing Fee". Ballot Access News. July 16, 2020. Archived from the original on August 15, 2020. Retrieved August 15, 2020.
  37. ^ "Alaska Green Party Nominates Jesse Ventura for President". Ballot Access News. September 1, 2020. Archived from the original on September 7, 2020. Retrieved September 7, 2020.
  38. ^ "Green Party of Alaska nominates Jesse Ventura for president". Must Read Alaska. September 1, 2020. Archived from the original on September 7, 2020. Retrieved September 7, 2020.
  39. ^ "Green Party presidential candidate Howie Hawkins says Dems, Republicans not addressing needs of American people". wtol.com. 26 October 2020. Retrieved 2021-03-02.
  40. ^ "Ballot Access". Howie Hawkins for our Future. 2019-06-28. Retrieved 2021-03-02.
  41. ^ "R.I. Green Party won't run a presidential candidate". Uprise Rhode Island. May 29, 2020. Archived from the original on August 15, 2020. Retrieved August 15, 2020.
  42. ^ @RIGreens (May 28, 2020). "Green Party of Rhode Island won't run candidate" (Tweet). Archived from the original on August 15, 2020 – via Twitter.
  43. ^ "Howie Hawkins Will Petition in Rhode Island With Partisan Label "Independent Left"". Ballot Access News. June 28, 2020. Archived from the original on August 15, 2020. Retrieved August 15, 2020.
  44. ^ "Howie Hawkins' Rhode Island Petition Lacks Enough Valid Signatures". Ballot Access News. September 14, 2020. Archived from the original on September 15, 2020. Retrieved September 15, 2020.
  45. ^ "Pennsylvania Commonwealth Court Keeps Howie Hawkins on the Ballot". Ballot Access News. September 9, 2020. Archived from the original on September 10, 2020. Retrieved September 10, 2020.
  46. ^ "Democratic Challengers to Howie Hawkins Ask Pennsylvania Supreme Court to Reverse Commonwealth Court". Ballot Access News. September 10, 2020. Archived from the original on September 11, 2020. Retrieved September 11, 2020.
  47. ^ "Pennsylvania Supreme Court Tells Election Officials Not to Print Ballots Until Green Party Ballot Access Case is Resolved". Ballot Access News. September 14, 2020. Archived from the original on September 14, 2020. Retrieved September 14, 2020.
  48. ^ "Pennsylvania Supreme Court Removes Howie Hawkins from Pennsylvania Ballot". Ballot Access News. September 17, 2020. Archived from the original on September 17, 2020. Retrieved September 17, 2020.
  49. ^ "Green Party candidate is ordered off Pennsylvania ballot". Associated Press. September 17, 2020. Archived from the original on October 5, 2020. Retrieved September 17, 2020.
  50. ^ "Howie Hawkins' Wisconsin Petition is Challenged". Ballot Access News. August 7, 2020. Archived from the original on August 15, 2020. Retrieved August 15, 2020.
  51. ^ "Wisconsin Elections Commission Staff Recommends that Howie Hawkins and Kanye West Be Omitted from Ballot". Ballot Access News. August 19, 2020. Archived from the original on August 20, 2020. Retrieved August 20, 2020.
  52. ^ "Wisconsin Elections Commission Removes Howie Hawkins and Kanye West from Ballot". Ballot Access News. August 21, 2020. Archived from the original on August 21, 2020. Retrieved August 21, 2020.
  53. ^ "Howie Hawkins Files Wisconsin Ballot Access Lawsuit". Ballot Access News. September 3, 2020. Archived from the original on September 7, 2020. Retrieved September 7, 2020.
  54. ^ "Wisconsin Supreme Court Pauses Mailing of Absentee Ballots Until it Decides if Howie Hawkins and/or Kanye West Should be on Ballot". Ballot Access News. September 10, 2020. Archived from the original on September 11, 2020. Retrieved September 11, 2020.
  55. ^ "Wisconsin Supreme Court Keeps Howie Hawkins Off Ballot Because He Filed His Lawsuit Too Late". Ballot Access News. September 14, 2020. Archived from the original on September 14, 2020. Retrieved September 14, 2020.
  56. ^ Hawkins, Howie [@HowieHawkins20] (23 August 2019). "Thank you, @cagreenparty" (Tweet). Retrieved 26 August 2019 – via Twitter.
  57. ^ "Montana Governor Steve Bullock Will Apply for Primary Season Matching Funds". 30 September 2019. Archived from the original on 2019-10-02. Retrieved 2019-09-30.
  58. ^ "Hawkins/Walker Campaign Achieves Federal Matching Funds". Howie Hawkins 2020. July 9, 2020. Retrieved July 9, 2020.
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  60. ^ "The 'Green New Deal' isn't really that new". 28 May 2019. Archived from the original on 2019-05-29.
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  92. ^ Kansas Green Party🌻 [@KSGreenParty] (November 2, 2020). "The election is tomorrow! We hope you've already voted or have plan to vote tomorrow, and we strongly encourage you to vote for Howie Hawkins and Angela Walker! We are already looking ahead to next year and we hope to elect working-class Kansans to local offices" (Tweet). Retrieved December 24, 2020 – via Twitter.
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  96. ^ "Howie Hawkins and Angela Walker for President and Vice President". North Carolina Green Party.
  97. ^ "2020 Campaigns & Candidates". Pacific Green Party.
  98. ^ "Socialist Party USA on Facebook". Facebook. Archived from the original on 2022-04-27.[user-generated source]
  99. ^ "Log In or Sign Up to View". www.facebook.com.
  100. ^ SC Green Party [@SCGreenParty] (July 11, 2020). "Hawkins/Walker 2020 💚 https://t.co/m9jG1vwDaO" (Tweet). Retrieved December 24, 2020 – via Twitter.
  101. ^ Vermont Green Party [@VermontGP] (August 6, 2020). "If you are a former Bernie supporter, and aren't happy with Joe Biden. Vote Green Party! #Howie2020 #democrats https://t.co/wg2TRG5Gz0" (Tweet). Retrieved December 24, 2020 – via Twitter.
  102. ^ a b "Is the Green Party rigging its presidential primary?". The Spectator. November 8, 2019. Archived from the original on August 14, 2020. Retrieved August 26, 2020.
  103. ^ a b "Special announcement from the Hunter/Elias 2020 campaign". Twitter. Retrieved July 12, 2020.
  104. ^ "Controlling board to vote on CARES money for Ohio schools: Capitol Letter". Cleveland.com. July 13, 2020. Retrieved Aug 26, 2020.
  105. ^ "Howie Hawkins: You didn't join the Peace and Freedom Party to support Democrats". PSL. Archived from the original on June 25, 2020. Retrieved May 27, 2020.
  106. ^ "Gloria La Riva: Howie Hawkins's critique of PSL's critical support for Sanders campaign "not honest"". PSL. Archived from the original on March 17, 2020. Retrieved Mar 17, 2020.
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